TOTD #56: Simple RESTful Web service using Jersey and Embeddable GlassFish - Text and JSON output

Posted by arungupta on November 25, 2008 at 9:39 AM EST

Jersey is the open source, production quality, JAX-RS (JSR 311) Reference Implementation for building RESTful Web services in the GlassFish community. It also provides an API that allows developers to extend Jersey to suite their requirements.

This Tip Of The Day (TOTD) shows how to create a simple RESTful Web service using Jersey and run it using embeddable GlassFish (glassfish:run). Maven is used to create and run the application. It also shows how the output format can be easily coverted from Text to JSON.

Lets get started!

Create a simple web app using Maven as:

~/samples/jersey >mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=http://download.java.net/maven/2
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Default Project
[INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Preparing archetype:generate
[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping
[INFO] Setting property: classpath.resource.loader.class => 'org.codehaus.plexus.velocity.ContextClassLoaderResourceLoader'.
[INFO] Setting property: velocimacro.messages.on => 'false'.
[INFO] Setting property: resource.loader => 'classpath'.
[INFO] Setting property: resource.manager.logwhenfound => 'false'.
[INFO] [archetype:generate]
[INFO] Generating project in Interactive mode
[INFO] No archetype defined. Using maven-archetype-quickstart (org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0)
Choose archetype:
1: remote -> jersey-quickstart-grizzly (Archetype for creating a RESTful web application with Jersey and Grizzly)
2: remote -> jersey-quickstart-webapp (Archetype for creating a Jersey based RESTful web application WAR packaging)
Choose a number: (1/2): 2
[INFO] snapshot com.sun.jersey.archetypes:jersey-quickstart-webapp:1.0.1-SNAPSHOT: checking for updates from jersey-quickstart-webapp-repo
Define value for groupId: : org.glassfish.samples
Define value for artifactId: : helloworld-webapp
Define value for version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT: :
Define value for package: : org.glassfish.samples
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: org.glassfish.samples
artifactId: helloworld-webapp
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
package: org.glassfish.samples
Y: :
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating OldArchetype: jersey-quickstart-webapp:1.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: org.glassfish.samples
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: org.glassfish.samples
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: org.glassfish.samples
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: helloworld-webapp
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /Users/arungupta/samples/jersey
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ********************* End of debug info from resources from generated POM ***********************
[INFO] OldArchetype created in dir: /Users/arungupta/samples/jersey/helloworld-webapp
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 21 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Mon Nov 24 14:09:27 PST 2008
[INFO] Final Memory: 12M/30M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Edit the generated "pom.xml" to add dependencies on GlassFish plugin

Add the following plugin in the "pom.xml" under <build>/<plugins>:

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-glassfish-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

Add the following plugin repositories:

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>maven2-repository.dev.java.net</id>
            <name>Java.net Repository for Maven</name>
            <url>http://download.java.net/maven/2/</url>
            <layout>default</layout>
        </pluginRepository>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>maven-repository.dev.java.net</id>
            <name>Java.net Maven 1 Repository (legacy)</name>
            <url>http://download.java.net/maven/1</url>
            <layout>legacy</layout>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

Optionally, if the generated dependencies in "pom.xml" as shown below:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.distributions</groupId>
            <artifactId>web-all</artifactId>
            <version>10.0-build-20080430</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.embedded</groupId>
            <artifactId>gf-embedded-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-alpha-4</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

are changed to:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.distributions</groupId>
            <artifactId>web-all</artifactId>
            <version>10.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
           <groupId>org.glassfish.embedded</groupId>
           <artifactId>glassfish-embedded-all</artifactId>
           <version>3.0-Prelude-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

then the latest version of Embedded GlassFish APIs are used.

Also optionally, if you want to run against Jersey 1.0 bits then change the following property from "1.0.1-SNAPSHOT" to "1.0".

    <properties>
        <jersey-version>1.0</jersey-version>
    </properties>

Run the application

The generated source code is:

package org.glassfish.samples;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;

// The Java class will be hosted at the URI path "/helloworld"
@Path("/myresource")
public class MyResource {

    // The Java method will process HTTP GET requests
    @GET
    // The Java method will produce content identified by the MIME Media
    // type "text/plain"
    @Produces("text/plain")
    public String getIt() {
        return "Hi there!";
    }
}

Invoking "mvn glassfish:run" starts the embedded GlassFish and shows the following output:

~/samples/jersey/helloworld-webapp >mvn glassfish:run
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'glassfish'.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building helloworld-webapp Jersey Webapp
[INFO] task-segment: [glassfish:run]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Preparing glassfish:run
[INFO] [resources:resources]
[INFO] Using default encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] [compiler:compile]
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/arungupta/samples/jersey/helloworld-webapp/target/classes
[INFO] [glassfish:run]
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:05 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.AppServerStartup run
INFO: HK2 initialized in 229 ms
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:05 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.AppServerStartup run
INFO: com.sun.enterprise.naming.impl.ServicesHookup@2470b02c Init done in 237 ms
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:05 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.AppServerStartup run
INFO: com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.Globals@13b3d787 Init done in 239 ms
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:05 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.AppServerStartup run
INFO: com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.SystemTasks@61bedd7d Init done in 244 ms
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:05 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.AppServerStartup run
INFO: com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.HouseKeeper@2b9f7952 Init done in 245 ms
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:05 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.AppServerStartup run
INFO: com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.CmdLineParamProcessor@5249d560 Init done in 248 ms
JMXMP connector server URL = service:jmx:jmxmp://localhost:8888
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:05 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.GrizzlyProxy start
INFO: Listening on port 8080
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:06 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.AppServerStartup run
INFO: com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.GrizzlyService@1baa56a2 startup done in 551 ms
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:06 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.ApplicationLoaderService postConstruct
INFO: loader service postConstruct started at 1227566166208
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:06 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.AppServerStartup run
INFO: Application Loader startup done in 740 ms
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:06 PM com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.AppServerStartup run
INFO: Glassfish v3 started in 740 ms
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:07 PM com.sun.enterprise.web.WebModuleContextConfig authenticatorConfig
SEVERE: webModuleContextConfig.missingRealm
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:07 PM com.sun.jersey.api.core.PackagesResourceConfig init
INFO: Scanning for root resource and provider classes in the packages:
org.glassfish.samples
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:07 PM com.sun.jersey.api.core.PackagesResourceConfig init
INFO: Root resource classes found:
class org.glassfish.samples.MyResource
Nov 24, 2008 2:36:07 PM com.sun.jersey.api.core.PackagesResourceConfig init
INFO: Provider classes found:
Hit ENTER for redeploy

Notice how GlassFish v3 starts up in sub-second (740 ms in this case).

"http://localhost:8080/helloworld-webapp" shows the following output:
Clicking on "Jersey resource" redirects to "http://localhost:8080/helloworld-webapp/webresources/myresource" and shows the following output:

Change the output representation to produce JSON representation

Add a new JAXB bean:

package org.glassfish.samples;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;

/**
* @author arungupta
*/
@XmlRootElement
public class Greeting {
    public String greeting;

    public Greeting() { }
    public Greeting(String greeting) {
        this.greeting = greeting;
    }
}

Change the method implementation in MyResource as:

//    @Produces("text/plain")
    @Produces("application/json")
    public Greeting getIt() {
        return new Greeting("Hi there!");
    }

And now "http://localhost:8080/helloworld-webapp/webresources/myresource" shows the following output:

Notice the output is now in JSON format.

Optionally a WAR file can be created using the command:

mvn clean package

and the WAR file is generated in "target/helloworld-webapp.war". If Jersey is installed using GlassFish v3 Update Center then you can use "maven-assembly-plugin" to customize packaging of WAR and drastically reduce the size.

The JSON representation can be configured in multiple ways as explained in Configuring JSON for RESTful Web Services in Jersey 1.0. This has certainly come a long way from TOTD #8 and is much more effecient now.

The Jersey Wiki documents an extensive set of resources to get started.

Send all your questions to users@jersey.dev.java.net.

Please leave suggestions on other TOTD (Tip Of The Day) that you'd like to see. An archive of all the tips is available here.

Technorati: totd glassfish v3 embeddable jersey jsr311 rest json webservices

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Arun Gupta

TOTD #56: Simple RESTful Web service using Jersey and Embeddable GlassFish - Text and JSON output

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