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NLink: native library linker
Posted by kohsuke on February 26, 2007 at 03:11 PM | Comments (15)
For some reason, the blogsphere suddenly noticed my year-old NLink project, so I'm getting a lot of traffic lately. Maybe I've never sent out the announcement, when I originally released it, so here it goes...
Historically, JNI has been the only option to invoke native libraries. The problem with calling native libraries with JNI is that, for every method, you need to write a java method declaration, and then a bit of native code to do the parameter conversion. This makes it difficult to casually call into native libraries, because you'd have to write another native library just for JNI handling.
NLink overcomes this problem by providing a general-purpose method invocation converter driven by annotation. With NLink, calling a native library is as easy as follows, and then the NLink runtime invokes the corresponding method for you:
@DllClass
public interface User32 {
@DllMethod
int MessageBox(int hwnd, String text, String caption, int flags );
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
User32 user32 = NLink.create(User32.class);
System.out.println(user32.MessageBox(0,"Hello","Testing",0x24));
}
}
This uses the same engine and technique used in com4j.
As usual, I'm always looking for committers for the project, so if you are interested in hacking the project, let me know. Also, if you are faimilar with the calling convention in other operating systems and architectures, please join us so that we can make NLink work for platforms other than Win32.
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Comments
Comments are listed in date ascending order (oldest first)
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I started hacking on JNA (jna.dev.java.net) in order to implement a few graphical experiments because it was a little easier to get it working cross-platform (results so far are in jnalib/jna-v2 in CVS). nlink seemed a bit windows-centric and I didn't want to tackle too many dependencies (a real killer in x-platform). Things in jna are now set up to build on w32, linux, sparc, and osx, although I don't yet have the assembly done for OSX.
However, it seems kinda pointless to have two dev.java.net projects that do the same thing, especially for as narrow a function as this.
I sent a message off to the author of jnative.sf.net as well, but haven't heard back. That project is probably more full-featured, but depends heavily on boilerplate and hand-coding of function definitions.
Posted by: twalljava on February 26, 2007 at 11:25 PM
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I haven't look at NLink, JNA or JNative yet, but I'm an avid ctypes user (ctypes is Python's equivalent of these libraries). I really like this way of combining Python/Java with native code -- it feels really flexible.
It would be great if the people behind NLink, JNA and JNative could combine their work into a common effort. Maybe then it could become a library that could be incorporated into Java 7 or Java 8 (similar to ctypes, which has been included in Python 2.5).
Posted by: fullung on February 27, 2007 at 12:56 PM
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Another related project: http://jawinproject.sourceforge.net/
BTW, NLink is a great work! Congratulations!
Posted by: charlesabreu on February 27, 2007 at 01:56 PM
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JNA is apparently a lot more cross platform, supports structures, and it sounds like it's built on a similar idea. I didn't see the annotation to control how the Java parameter is bound to native type, however (for example, we need to be able to map String to LPCSTR and LPCWSTR) — so there's a room for improvement there I guess.
Posted by: kohsuke on February 27, 2007 at 02:19 PM
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Very nice.
What's next, delegates?
Posted by: plethora on February 27, 2007 at 04:06 PM
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Add one more to the list: http://j-interop.sourceforge.net/. Also Windows-only, alike comj.
Posted by: flozano on February 27, 2007 at 06:28 PM
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I took out the annotations in jna in order to get it to build on 1.4 (they were used rather superfluously). I don't think they were there for parameters originally (todd fast at sun originally put this stuff on dev.java.net, I only recently came upon it).
Annotations on arguments are a reasonable notation for determining the proper translation for a String; for the moment I'm just using a dedicated holder type.
Perhaps we could continue this discussion via email; I'm at twall at users dot sf dot net.
Posted by: twalljava on February 27, 2007 at 09:25 PM
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NLink is cool really, but JNIEasy goes more far far away.
Posted by: jmarranz on February 28, 2007 at 12:22 AM
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OMFG, you have re-invented J/Direct!
!
Posted by: parmenion0 on February 28, 2007 at 03:08 AM
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NLink looks very nice and easy to use. I hope that perhaps people will start to build up mappings for common APIs, even if it starts out as Windows-only. Would also be nice to see some collaboration across different FOSS projects in this area; apart from those mentioned, there is JACOB, a Java/COM bridge, the Judoscript language also has bindings for some COM/Windows functions. Hope that we don't keep re-inventing the wheel. I can understand why Sun didn't put effort into making this easy, but certainly would be nice to have it be easier than it is with some community effort. Thanks for starting this project. Regards, Patrick
Posted by: pdoubleya on March 01, 2007 at 01:35 AM
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True I've never see anything about this project but you have so many :-) I will certainly evaluate NLink for the Grizzly FastCGI support :-)
Posted by: jfarcand on March 02, 2007 at 01:39 PM
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I've looked at a large number of these sorts of tools and some that are tangentially related -- adding to the list would be NoodleGlue, JNIWrapper, SWIG, etc... all I really want is one that's capable of dealing with C++ STL in a more than superficial way. All of these products are very cool and usually have a really nice string demo of how to deal with STL containers but SWIG is the only one I've seen that can handle vectors and maps (not lists yet it looks like...). Of course if you are mapping only to C then that's cool but w/o STL its hard to imagine usefulness for JNI's main benefit, which is interfacing to "legacy" code and libraries. That said, this is still a pretty bad ass effort.
Posted by: dlpst13 on March 02, 2007 at 11:19 PM
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How should the java method be declared when the DLL returns a pointer to a byte buffer? I've looked at the the documentation, javadoc and source code but haven't found anything.
Posted by: charlesabreu on March 09, 2007 at 01:29 PM
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I have gotten some things to work under nlink, but the one thing that isn't working for me is user32.getwindowtext(...)
how do you get your data back into the string when you had to send a pointer to your string????
any clues would be appreciated
I love this project so far
Posted by: btoole on March 23, 2007 at 02:27 PM
-
I started hacking on JNA (jna.dev.java.net) in order to implement a few graphical experiments because it was a little easier to get it working cross-platform (results so far are in jnalib/jna-v2 in CVS). nlink seemed a bit windows-centric and I didn't want to tackle too many dependencies (a real killer in x-platform). Things in jna are now set up to build on w32, linux, sparc, and osx, although I don't yet have the assembly done for OSX. However, it seems kinda pointless to have two dev.java.net projects that do the same thing, especially for as narrow a function as this. I sent a message off to the author of jnative.sf.net as well, but haven't heard back. That project is probably more full-featured, but depends heavily on boilerplate and hand-coding of function definitions.
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